What Do I Call Art That Looks Like a Painting or Drawing

Art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature

The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile arts also involve aspects of visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included inside the visual arts^[1] are the practical arts^[2] such equally industrial design, graphic design, fashion pattern, interior design and decorative art.^[iii]

Electric current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine fine art besides as the applied or decorative arts and crafts, just this was not always the instance. Before the Arts and Crafts Motion in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the decorative arts, craft, or applied Visual arts media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued colloquial fine art forms every bit much as high forms.^[4] Art schools fabricated a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts.

The increasing trend to privilege painting, and to a lesser degree sculpture, above other arts has been a characteristic of Western art every bit well as East Asian art. In both regions painting has been seen as relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the artist, and the furthest removed from manual labour – in Chinese painting the about highly valued styles were those of "scholar-painting", at least in theory practiced by gentleman amateurs. The Western hierarchy of genres reflected similar attitudes.

Instruction and training [edit]

Grooming in the visual arts has generally been through variations of the apprentice and workshop systems. In Europe the Renaissance movement to increase the prestige of the artist led to the university system for preparation artists, and today virtually of the people who are pursuing a career in arts train in art schools at third levels. Visual arts have at present become an elective subject in most education systems.^{[5] [6]}

Drawing [edit]

Drawing is a ways of making an image, illustration or graphic using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques available online and offline. It by and large involves making marks on a surface past applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface using dry media such as graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools, including pens, stylus, that simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in cartoon are: line cartoon, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, shading, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a draftsman or draughtsman.^[vii]

Drawing and painting goes back tens of thousands of years. Art of the Upper Paleolithic includes figurative art starting time between nigh 40,000 to 35,000 years ago. Non-figurative cavern paintings consisting of hand stencils and simple geometric shapes are even older. Paleolithic cave representations of animals are found in areas such as Lascaux, French republic and Altamira, Spain in Europe, Maros, Sulawesi in Asia, and Gabarnmung, Australia.

In aboriginal Arab republic of egypt, ink drawings on papyrus, often depicting people, were used every bit models for painting or sculpture. Drawings on Greek vases, initially geometric, afterward developed to the human form with black-figure pottery during the 7th century BC.^[8]

With paper becoming common in Europe past the 15th century, drawing was adopted past masters such as Sandro Botticelli, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci who sometimes treated cartoon every bit an art in its ain right rather than a preparatory stage for painting or sculpture.^[9]

Painting [edit]

Painting taken literally is the practice of applying pigment suspended in a carrier (or medium) and a binding agent (a glue) to a surface (support) such as paper, canvas or a wall. Yet, when used in an artistic sense information technology means the use of this activity in combination with drawing, composition, or other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Painting is also used to limited spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery to The Sistine Chapel to the human body itself.^[10]

History [edit]

Origins and early history [edit]

Like drawing, painting has its documented origins in caves and on rock faces. The finest examples, believed by some to be 32,000 years onetime, are in the Chauvet and Lascaux caves in southern France. In shades of cherry-red, brown, yellow and blackness, the paintings on the walls and ceilings are of bison, cattle, horses and deer.

Paintings of human figures can be found in the tombs of ancient Egypt. In the neat temple of Ramses II, Nefertari, his queen, is depicted existence led by Isis.^[eleven] The Greeks contributed to painting simply much of their work has been lost. One of the best remaining representations are the Hellenistic Fayum mummy portraits. Another example is mosaic of the Battle of Issus at Pompeii, which was probably based on a Greek painting. Greek and Roman art contributed to Byzantine art in the quaternary century BC, which initiated a tradition in icon painting.^[12]

The Renaissance [edit]

Apart from the illuminated manuscripts produced by monks during the Center Ages, the next meaning contribution to European art was from Italia's renaissance painters. From Giotto in the 13th century to Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael at the start of the 16th century, this was the richest period in Italian fine art every bit the chiaroscuro techniques were used to create the illusion of iii-D space.^[13]

Painters in northern Europe besides were influenced by the Italian school. January van Eyck from Belgium, Pieter Bruegel the Elder from the netherlands and Hans Holbein the Younger from Germany are amid the most successful painters of the times. They used the glazing technique with oils to achieve depth and luminosity.

Dutch masters [edit]

The 17th century witnessed the emergence of the corking Dutch masters such as the versatile Rembrandt who was especially remembered for his portraits and Bible scenes, and Vermeer who specialized in interior scenes of Dutch life.

Bizarre [edit]

The Bizarre started subsequently the Renaissance, from the late 16th century to the late 17th century. Main artists of the Bizarre included Caravaggio, who made heavy apply of tenebrism. Peter Paul Rubens, a Flemish painter who studied in Italy, worked for local churches in Antwerp and also painted a series for Marie de' Medici. Annibale Carracci took influences from the Sistine Chapel and created the genre of illusionistic ceiling painting. Much of the development that happened in the Bizarre was considering of the Protestant Reformation and the resulting Counter Reformation. Much of what defines the Baroque is dramatic lighting and overall visuals.^[fourteen]

Impressionism [edit]

Impressionism began in French republic in the 19th century with a loose clan of artists including Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Paul Cézanne who brought a new freely brushed style to painting, oftentimes choosing to paint realistic scenes of modernistic life exterior rather than in the studio. This was achieved through a new expression of aesthetic features demonstrated by brush strokes and the impression of reality. They achieved intense color vibration by using pure, unmixed colours and short castor strokes. The motion influenced art equally a dynamic, moving through time and adjusting to newfound techniques and perception of art. Attending to detail became less of a priority in achieving, whilst exploring a biased view of landscapes and nature to the artists eye.^{[15] [16]}

Post-impressionism [edit]

Towards the end of the 19th century, several young painters took impressionism a stage further, using geometric forms and unnatural colour to draw emotions while striving for deeper symbolism. Of item note are Paul Gauguin, who was strongly influenced by Asian, African and Japanese art, Vincent van Gogh, a Dutchman who moved to France where he drew on the strong sunlight of the southward, and Toulouse-Lautrec, remembered for his vivid paintings of night life in the Paris district of Montmartre.^[17]

Symbolism, expressionism and cubism [edit]

Edvard Munch, a Norwegian artist, developed his symbolistic arroyo at the end of the 19th century, inspired by the French impressionist Manet. The Scream (1893), his most famous piece of work, is widely interpreted as representing the universal anxiety of mod human being. Partly every bit a outcome of Munch's influence, the German expressionist movement originated in Federal republic of germany at the beginning of the 20th century as artists such as Ernst Kirschner and Erich Heckel began to distort reality for an emotional effect.

In parallel, the style known as cubism developed in French republic as artists focused on the book and space of sharp structures inside a composition. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were the leading proponents of the move. Objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form. By the 1920s, the style had developed into surrealism with Dali and Magritte.^[18]

Printmaking [edit]

Ancient Chinese engraving of female instrumentalists

Printmaking is creating, for creative purposes, an image on a matrix that is and so transferred to a two-dimensional (apartment) surface by ways of ink (or another form of pigmentation). Except in the case of a monotype, the aforementioned matrix tin exist used to produce many examples of the impress.

Historically, the major techniques (besides called media) involved are woodcut, line engraving, etching, lithography, and screen printing (serigraphy, silk screening) only there are many others, including mod digital techniques. Normally, the impress is printed on newspaper, but other mediums range from cloth and vellum to more mod materials.

European history [edit]

Prints in the Western tradition produced before nigh 1830 are known every bit old principal prints. In Europe, from around 1400 Advertisement woodcut, was used for master prints on paper past using printing techniques developed in the Byzantine and Islamic worlds. Michael Wolgemut improved German woodcut from about 1475, and Erhard Reuwich, a Dutchman, was the first to utilize cross-hatching. At the end of the century Albrecht Dürer brought the Western woodcut to a stage that has never been surpassed, increasing the status of the single-foliage woodcut.^[19]

Chinese origin and exercise [edit]

In China, the art of printmaking developed some 1,100 years agone equally illustrations aslope text cutting in woodblocks for printing on paper. Initially images were mainly religious but in the Song Dynasty, artists began to cutting landscapes. During the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1616–1911) dynasties, the technique was perfected for both religious and artistic engravings.^{[20] [21]}

Development in Japan 1603–1867 [edit]

Woodblock printing in Japan (Japanese: 木版画, moku hanga) is a technique best known for its use in the ukiyo-e creative genre; however, it was too used very widely for press illustrated books in the same period. Woodblock printing had been used in China for centuries to print books, long before the advent of movable blazon, but was only widely adopted in Nihon during the Edo period (1603–1867). Although similar to woodcut in western printmaking in some regards, moku hanga differs greatly in that water-based inks are used (equally opposed to western woodcut, which uses oil-based inks), allowing for a broad range of vivid color, glazes and color transparency.

Photography [edit]

Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the activeness of light. The light patterns reflected or emitted from objects are recorded onto a sensitive medium or storage chip through a timed exposure. The process is washed through mechanical shutters or electronically timed exposure of photons into chemic processing or digitizing devices known as cameras.

The word comes from the Greek φως phos ("light"), and γραφις graphis ("stylus", "paintbrush") or γραφη graphê, together pregnant "drawing with light" or "representation by means of lines" or "cartoon." Traditionally, the product of photography has been called a photograph. The term photo is an abbreviation; many people also phone call them pictures. In digital photography, the term image has begun to replace photograph. (The term image is traditional in geometric optics.)

Compages [edit]

Compages is the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are oft perceived equally cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

The earliest surviving written work on the field of study of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century Advert. Co-ordinate to Vitruvius, a proficient building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English language would be:

1. Durability – a edifice should stand upwardly robustly and remain in good status.
2. Utility – it should exist suitable for the purposes for which it is used.
3. Beauty – it should be aesthetically pleasing.

Edifice commencement evolved out of the dynamics betwixt needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available edifice materials and attendant skills). Equally human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a arts and crafts, and "architecture" is the name given to the nigh highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

Filmmaking [edit]

Filmmaking is the process of making a motility-movie, from an initial formulation and research, through scriptwriting, shooting and recording, animation or other special furnishings, editing, sound and music piece of work and finally distribution to an audience; information technology refers broadly to the creation of all types of films, embracing documentary, strains of theatre and literature in picture, and poetic or experimental practices, and is often used to refer to video-based processes besides.

Computer art [edit]

Visual artists are no longer express to traditional Visual arts media. Computers have been used as an ever more common tool in the visual arts since the 1960s. Uses include the capturing or creating of images and forms, the editing of those images and forms (including exploring multiple compositions) and the final rendering or press (including 3D printing). Estimator art is any in which computers played a role in production or display. Such art can be an image, sound, blitheness, video, CD-ROM, DVD, video game, website, algorithm, functioning or gallery installation. Many traditional disciplines are now integrating digital technologies and, as a issue, the lines between traditional works of art and new media works created using computers have been blurred. For instance, an artist may combine traditional painting with algorithmic art and other digital techniques. As a result, defining computer art by its end product can be difficult. Nevertheless, this type of art is beginning to appear in art museum exhibits, though information technology has nonetheless to testify its legitimacy as a form unto itself and this technology is widely seen in contemporary art more as a tool rather than a form as with painting. On the other mitt, there are calculator-based artworks which belong to a new conceptual and postdigital strand, assuming the aforementioned technologies, and their social affect, as an object of inquiry.

Computer usage has blurred the distinctions between illustrators, photographers, photo editors, 3-D modelers, and handicraft artists. Sophisticated rendering and editing software has led to multi-skilled image developers. Photographers may become digital artists. Illustrators may get animators. Handicraft may exist calculator-aided or use computer-generated imagery as a template. Computer clip art usage has besides made the clear stardom between visual arts and page layout less obvious due to the easy admission and editing of prune art in the process of paginating a document, especially to the unskilled observer.

Plastic arts [edit]

Plastic arts is a term for fine art forms that involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium past moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics. The term has also been applied to all the visual (not-literary, non-musical) arts.^{[22] [23]}

Materials that can be carved or shaped, such as rock or wood, physical or steel, accept too been included in the narrower definition, since, with advisable tools, such materials are also capable of modulation.^{[ citation needed ]} This use of the term "plastic" in the arts should non be confused with Piet Mondrian'southward use, nor with the movement he termed, in French and English, "Neoplasticism."

Sculpture [edit]

Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard or plastic material, sound, or text and or light, ordinarily stone (either rock or marble), clay, metallic, glass, or wood. Some sculptures are created direct by finding or etching; others are assembled, built together and fired, welded, molded, or cast. Sculptures are frequently painted.^[24] A person who creates sculptures is called a sculptor.

Considering sculpture involves the use of materials that can exist moulded or modulated, information technology is considered i of the plastic arts. The majority of public art is sculpture. Many sculptures together in a garden setting may be referred to as a sculpture garden. Sculptors do not always make sculptures past hand. With increasing technology in the 20th century and the popularity of conceptual art over technical mastery, more sculptors turned to art fabricators to produce their artworks. With fabrication, the creative person creates a pattern and pays a fabricator to produce it. This allows sculptors to create larger and more circuitous sculptures out of material like cement, metallic and plastic, that they would not be able to create by hand. Sculptures can also be made with three-d printing applied science.

Us copyright definition of visual art [edit]

In the U.s., the police force protecting the copyright over a slice of visual art gives a more restrictive definition of "visual art".^[25]

A "work of visual art" is —
(1) a painting, drawing, print or sculpture, existing in a unmarried copy, in a limited edition of 200 copies or fewer that are signed and consecutively numbered past the author, or, in the case of a sculpture, in multiple cast, carved, or fabricated sculptures of 200 or fewer that are consecutively numbered by the writer and acquit the signature or other identifying marking of the author; or
(two) a all the same photographic image produced for exhibition purposes simply, existing in a single copy that is signed by the writer, or in a limited edition of 200 copies or fewer that are signed and consecutively numbered past the author.

A work of visual art does non include —
(A)(i) whatever poster, map, globe, chart, technical drawing, diagram, model, applied fine art, motion picture or other audiovisual work, book, magazine, newspaper, periodical, data base, electronic information service, electronic publication, or similar publication;
  (ii) any merchandising item or advertising, promotional, descriptive, roofing, or packaging material or container;
  (iii) any portion or function of any item described in clause (i) or (ii);
(B) any piece of work made for hire; or
(C) any work not subject to copyright protection under this title.

Run across also [edit]

• Fine art materials
• Asemic writing
• Collage
• Crowdsourcing artistic work
• Décollage
• Environmental art
• Found object
• Graffiti
• History of art
• Analogy
• Installation art
• Interactive art
• Landscape art
• Mathematics and fine art
• Mixed media
• Portraiture
• Process art
• Recording medium
• Sketch (drawing)
• Sound art
• Vexillography
• Video fine art
• Visual arts and Theosophy
• Visual impairment in fine art
• Visual poetry

References [edit]

1. ^ An About.com article by art expert, Shelley Esaak: What Is Visual Fine art?
2. ^ Dissimilar Forms of Art – Applied Art. Buzzle.com. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
3. ^ "Centre for Arts and Design in Toronto, Canada". Georgebrown.ca. 15 Feb 2011. Archived from the original on 28 October 2011. Retrieved thirty October 2011.
4. ^ Art History: Arts and crafts Motion: (1861–1900). From World Wide Arts Resources Archived 13 October 2009 at the Portuguese Web Annal. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
5. ^ Ulger, Kani (1 March 2016). "The creative grooming in the visual arts education". Thinking Skills and Creativity. 19: 73–87. doi:x.1016/j.tsc.2015.x.007. ISSN 1871-1871.
6. ^ Adrone, Gumisiriza. "Schoolhouse of industrial art and pattern".
7. ^ "cartoon | Principles, Techniques, & History". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 12 August 2020.
8. ^ History of Drawing. From Dibujos para Pintar. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
9. ^ "Cartoon". History.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009. Retrieved 23 Oct 2009.
10. ^ "painting | History, Elements, Techniques, Types, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 12 August 2020.
11. ^ History of Painting. From History World. Retrieved 23 Oct 2009.
12. ^ "Art history | visual arts". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 12 Baronial 2020.
13. ^ History of Renaissance Painting. From ART 340 Painting. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
14. ^ Mutsaers, Inge. "Ashgate Joins Routledge – Routledge" (PDF). Ashgate.com. Retrieved 15 Oct 2018.
15. ^ "Impressionist fine art & paintings, What is Impressionist art? Introduction to Impressionism". Retrieved 24 September 2018.
16. ^ Impressionism. Webmuseum, Paris. Retrieved 24 October 2009
17. ^ Post-Impressionism. Metropolitan Museum of Fine art. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
18. ^ Modern Art Movements. Irish gaelic Fine art Encyclopedia. Retrieved 25 Oct 2009.
19. ^ The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
20. ^ Engraving in Chinese Fine art. From Engraving Review Archived 29 July 2012 at annal.today. Retrieved 23 Oct 2009.
21. ^ The History of Engraving in China. From ChinaVista. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
22. ^ Fine art Terminology at KSU ^{[ dead link ]}
23. ^ "Merriam-Webster Online (entry for "plastic arts")". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved thirty October 2011.
24. ^ Gods in Color: Painted Sculpture of Classical Antiquity 22 September 2007 Through 20 January 2008, The Arthur K. Sackler Museum Archived 4 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
25. ^ "Copyright Police force of the United States of America – Chapter one (101. Definitions)". .gov. Retrieved 30 Oct 2011.

Bibliography [edit]

• Barnes, A. C., The Art in Painting, tertiary ed., 1937, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., NY.
• Bukumirovic, D. (1998). Maga Magazinovic. Biblioteka Fatalne srpkinje knj. br. iv. Beograd: Narodna knj.
• Fazenda, Grand. J. (1997). Between the pictorial and the expression of ideas: the plastic arts and literature in the dance of Paula Massano. n.p.
• Gerón, C. (2000). Enciclopedia de las artes plásticas dominicanas: 1844–2000. 4th ed. Dominican Republic s.n.
• Oliver Grau (Ed.): MediaArtHistories. MIT-Printing, Cambridge 2007. with Rudolf Arnheim, Barbara Stafford, Sean Cubitt, Westward. J. T. Mitchell, Lev Manovich, Christiane Paul, Peter Weibel a.o. Rezensionen
• Laban, R. Five. (1976). The language of movement: a guidebook to choreutics. Boston: Plays.
• La Farge, O. (1930). Plastic prayers: dances of the Southwestern Indians. north.p.
• Restany, P. (1974). Plastics in arts. Paris, New York: n.p.
• University of Pennsylvania. (1969). Plastics and new art. Philadelphia: The Falcon Pr.

External links [edit]

• ArtLex – online dictionary of visual fine art terms.
• Calendar for Artists – calendar listing of visual art festivals.
• Art History Timeline by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts